
tdciy Ljou^Tity, 

Hew M*«-' c0 "' 





Class. 



eddy County 



new mexico. 



The Most Southeastern County in the 
Ter ritory,The Greatest Irrigation Sys- 
tem in the Southwest, Almost Lim- 
itless Range,Mild and Salubrious 
Climate, a Haven for Health- 
seekers, an Ideal Agricul- 
tural, Horticultural and 
P Stock Country* 




By the Bureau of Immigration of the Territory of 
New Mexico. 



J. S. DUNCAN .•.Eu&lic tfrihfer. •*• I • * I- 



-aJK-*- 






IVIAY 19 



EDDY COUNT Y. 

Eddy County is the Riviera of New 
Mexico. It is a garden spot of the 
great lower Pecos Valley which ex- 
tends north and south 120 miles, and 
east and west between the foothills, 
from five to thirty miles. It is the most 
southeastern and lowest in altitude of 
the counties of the Territory. Its 
southern and eastern boundaries are 
Texas. On the west lie Otero and Cha- 
ves Counties, and on the north Chaves 
County. The area is 4,163,575 acres, or 
6,506 square miles, almost equal to that 
of >New Jersey, larger than Connecti- 
cut, over three times that of Dela- 
ware, and more than six times that of 
Rhode Island. The Hawaiian Islands 
with their population of 119,000 could 
be placed in Eddy County and not 
touch the boundary at any point. Of 
this area, 3,800,000 acres, of which 
2,250.000 acres are still to be surveyed, 
are government land, subject to home- 
stead, desert or mineral entry. The 
county is the sixth in size among New 
Mexico counties, the twentieth in pop- 
ulation, which according to the census 
of 1900 was 3,229, but is 5,000 at present. 
Carlsbad, the county seat, had a cen- 
sus population of 963, the remainder of 
the precinct of 1,259; Precinct No. 2 had 
242 population; No. 3 had 299; No. 4 



had 339; No. 5 had 128, according to the 
census of 1900. The assessed valuation 
is nearly $2,000,000 or about $500 per 
head, a per capita exceeded by only 
two other counties in the Territory. 

CLIMATE. 

Eddy County has a mild, dry and 
even winter climate and its summers 
are never oppressive. Its atmosphere 
is dry and its sunshine percentage is 
the highest of any part of the United 
States. The average altitude is 3,400 
feet above the sea level and fogs and 
mists are unknown while snow is of 
rare occurrence. The average winter 
temperature is 55 degrees above zero 
and the average summer temperature 
80 degrees above. This is year in and 
year out with but very little variation. 
The nights are invariably cool in sum- 
mer and the song of the mosquito is 
seldom heard. The following were the 
monthly average mean temperatures 
at Carlsbad, in the year 1902, recorded 
by H. F. Christian, the voluntary 
weather bureau observer: January 45.7 
degrees; February 52.9; March 54.5; 
April 67.9; May 75; June 83.1; July 78; 
August 79.1; September 73.5; October 
67.5; November 54.6; December 45.4; 
average mean for the year 64.7. The 
salubrious climate attracts each year a 
greater number of healthseekers. Those 
who have recovered from pulmonary 
and throat disease in Eddy County are 



an ever growing host. To the average 
consumptive, Eddy County holds out 
greater promise of relief and cure 
than either Arizona or California. Out- 
door life is agreeable the year around 
and there is an absence of oppressive 
heat and humidity found in tropical 
climes where alone elsewhere the win- 
ters are as mild. The climatic condi- 
tions are ideal for tent life, which of 
late is recommended highly by special- 
ists in pulmonary and throat trouble. 
The man or woman who cannot recover 
from tuberculosis in Eddy County by 
outdoor life and observing simple rules 
of hygiene and dietary, cannot recov- 
er anywhere else. It is a haven of ref- 
uge for the healthseeker and its cli- 
mate is a perennial delight to the well 
person. 

TOPOGRAPHY AND HYDRO- 
GRAPHY. 

Eddy County is a plains country or 
rather a plateau sloping toward the 
southeast. Upon this plateau the 
Guadalupe Mountains rear their rug- 
ged heights on the southwestern border, 
extending into Otero County and Tex- 
as. The foothills of the Sacramento 
Mountains extend to the northwestern 
corner of the county while east of the 
Pecos is a low range of sandhills 
known as the Mescalero Ridge. South 
and east of this ridge extends the 
Llano Estacado or Staked Plain, at 



one time dreaded as a desert but now 
the range of many herds of cattle. 

The Pecos is the principal river of 
the county, cutting- it in half from 
north to south and carrying a larger 
volume of water in its course through 
the lower Pecos Valley than any other 
river in New Mexico carries at any 
point. Its water is slightly alkaline, 
but on account of the sediment it car- 
ries it is a greater fertilizer of the 
land it irrigates. 

The Pecos has many tributaries from 
the west in Eddy County. Starting in 
the north, the first of these is Cotton- 
wood Creek which is dry part of the 
year. 

The second is the Penasco, which 
rises in the Sacramento Mountains and 
flows forty miles as a fair-sized brook 
and then entering a piece of marshy 
land disappears. There is practically 
no connection between the upper and 
lower Penasco, except during flood 
seasons. The flow of the upper Penasco 
is permanent in Lincoln County and 
southwestern Chaves County, its sur- 
plus sinking in the sands below Hope 
in Eddy County. In its lower course, 
springs supply a mean flow of eight. 
second feet which during floods reach- 
es a maximum of 12,700 second feet. 
The entire normal flow is consumed 
during irrigation season. Only 750 
acres are under irrigation on this 



stream in Eddy County, but 4,000 acres 
are irrigated above Hope. 

South of the Penasco. are a number 
of streams flowing- into the Pecos 
which are known as the Seven Rivers. 
They rise in small springs in Eddy 
County. The combined normal flow is 
about twenty second feet, but reaches 
a maximum of 7,500 feet during the 
rainy sestson. There is a surplus of 
about five second feet from these 
streams which is lost in seepage. 

South of Seven Rivers is the Rocky 
Arroyo, which rises in the Guadalupe 
Mountains and is permanent in its up- 
per portions but sinks in the gravel 
below. Its normal flow is about ten 
second feet with a flow during the 
floods of 1,200 second feet. Practically 
all the water is consumed in irrigation, 
but there is a small surplus which is 
susceptible of use. 

In Dark Canon, the stream south of 
the Rocky Arroyo, the same conditions 
are met, but its normal flow is only 
about five second feet while its flood 
flow reaches 14.000 second feet. All the 
normal flow is consumed. 

The Black River drains a portion of 
the eastern slope of the Guadalupe 
Mountains. The river is thirty-five 
miles long but is a small stream to 
within sixteen miles of the Pecos where 
its volume is considerably augmented 
by the Blue River formed by several 
large springs. It flows through a se- 



9 

ries of lakes and is subject to exten- 
sive floods on account of the large area 
drained. Its normal flow is about 
twenty second feet while in floods it 
reaches a maximum of 5,000 second 
feet. Only about one-half of the nor- 
mal flow is in use on this stream. 
Grapevine Creek is a small tributary 
in its upper course. 

The most southerly tributary of the 
Pecos in Eddy County is the Delaware, 
which rises in Texas and has but a 
small normal flow. 

The entire absence of tributaries on 
the eastern side of the Pecos is very 
striking and is due no doubt to the 
pervious character of the soil of the 
Staked Plains upon which no drainage 
system is established. The only sup- 
ply of water which the Pecos receives 
from that side comes from a few small 
alkaline springs and from a small ar- 
royo which carries water once or twice 
a season. 

The constant, never-failing supply of 
water in the Pecos comes from springs 
which must receive their supply from 
a great distance. This is owing to the 
peculiar structure of the country and 
the prevalence of the easily dissolved 
limestones, which permit the waters to 
make underground channels for them- 
selves and thus flow for considerable 
distance out of sight. Many reservoir 
sites are found on the Pecos and its 
tributaries and it is probable that 



J 



11 

70,000 acres more in Eddy County, be- 
sides the 200,000 acres under ditch by 
the Pecos "Valley Irrigation Company, 
could be irrigated by utilizing these 
sites and even without storage, 20,000 
acres more than the present acreage 
could be irrigated. Only about 20,000 
acres are under cultivation in the 
county. 

IRRIGATION. 

Eddy County's magnificent irrigation 
system is at the foundation of its 
prosperity, yea, its very existence. It 
has two of the largest bodies of stor- 
age water in the arid regions. One is 
known as Lake McMillan, eighteen 
miles north of Carlsbad, and the other 
as Lake Avalon, six miles from Carls- 
bad, both formed by damming the Pe- 
cos River, which rises on the Pecos 
Forest Reserve and embraces a water- 
shed 200 miles long and averaging sev- 
enty-five miles in width until it reach- 
es Carlsbad. It cuts the county from 
north to south near the center and is 
the source of supply of New Mexico's 
most famous irrigation system. From 
Roswell, ninety miles north of Carls- 
bad, for more than 100 miles south, the 
Pecos is fed by innumerable artesian 
springs whos a flow never varies with 
the seasons or with local weather con- 
ditions. Through all this vast area 
not a storage reservoir can be built, 
not an artesian well can flow without 



12 

increasing the water supply of the 
Carlsbad canals. A river so fed can 
never go dry at low stage, while at 
high water, the flow often amounts to 
20,000 cubic feet per second, three times 
the maximum flow of the Cache las 
Poudre in Colorado where 150,000 acres 
are under irrigation. The damming of 
this river has created the two immense 
reservoirs mentioned above, which 
have a capacity of 90,000 acre feet, 
Lake McMillan being thirteen miles 
long, and Lake Avalon seven miles and 
from one-quarter to one mile in width. 
The piers, headgates, and wasteways 
are built in masonry and are practi- 
cally indestructible. Such a thing as 
a breakage of the dams on either lake 
is impossible on account of ample spill- 
ways. 

From the more southerly reservoir, 
Lake Avalon, starts the magnificent 
irrigation canal of the Pecos Irrigation 
Company. The canal is forty-five 
feet wide at the bottom and carries 
two and a half feet of water in depth 
to the berme and with banks eight 
feet high. Two and one-half miles 
north of Carlsbad, this canal is divid- 
ed and one fork is carried to the west 
bank of the Pecos in a massive con- 
crete masonry aqueduct 492 feet long, 
forty-seven feet high and with a ca- 
pacity of 4,000 cubic feet per second; 
sufficient to irrigate 250,000 acres of 
land. The river is spanned by four 



13 

concrete arches 100 feet long and twen- 
ty-five feet high. The only material 
other than concrete used in this struc- 
ture is 1,600 lineal feet of steel rails 
built in the concrete floor and sides of 
the aqueduct proper and tied over 
head every four feet, to carry the 
weight of water and keep the sides 
from spreading. This aqueduct was 
designed and constructed by Thomas 
T. Johnston, C. E., of Chicago, the fa- 
mous inventor of the Bear trap dam in 
the Chicago drainage canal, construct- 
or of the Economy Light and Power 
plant at Joliet and of the city water 
works of Memphis, Tennessee. This 
aqueduct cost $45,000 and was ready for 
irrigation this spring. This is a new 
departure in irrigation engineering and 
is attracting the attention of govern- 
ment experts and engineering circles 
throughout the United States. The 
canal is in active operation for a dis- 
tance of twenty-five miles, and em- 
braces with its life giving stream over 
100,000 acres. There are 500 miles of 
distributing canals, not including the 
small farm ditches. The two dams. 
each over one-fourth of a mile long 
and nearly fifty feeet high, built of 
loose rock, with their massive head- 
gates set in masonry, and their huge 
spillways to carry off flood waters, are 
a never ceasing source of wonder and 
admiration to the casual visitor, the 
expert engineer, or the drought strick- 



15 

en homeseeker from less fortunate sur- 
roundings. One has to go to Egypt or 
to India to see irrigation works that 
surpass them. 

These large bodies of water furnish 
the Pecos Valley with such an amount 
of water, as, even in dry seasons, has 
enabled it to raise as large alfalfa and 
fruit crops as were ever known from 
a single section in the arid regions. The 
waters of the Pecos are full of sedi- 
ment, carried down from the moun- 
tains and thence deposited in the ca- 
nals and ditches, that not only irrigate, 
but also fertilize the rich lands which 
border the river from Roswell to forty 
miles south of Carlsbad. It is a 
strange feature of this great river, that 
although it does not sink and then re- 
appear as is the case with many south- 
western streams, notably the Red Riv- 
er and Canadian, its bed for miles is 
simply a bed of springs. Not the small 
seepage springs that one looks for in 
the streams and water courses of the 
north and east, but huge affairs, emit- 
ting sufficient water in many places to 
produce a river by their own flow. For 
instance, the great spring at the head 
of the Blue River, known as the Blue 
Spring, furnishes not only water 
enough to irrigate 2,000 acres of land 
but forms a small river besides which 
falls into the Black River twenty miles 
south of Carlsbad. 

Lake McMillan and Lake Avalon are 



1(3 

the insurance of a stable water supply 
against a season of unusual drought; 
but seldom is it necessary to draw up- 
on them as the ordinary flow of the 
Pecos is sufficient for all requirements. 
During the first six months of the year 
1901, for instance, nearly 100,000 acre 
feet of flood water were allowed to 
pass down the river, April being the 
only month that water was not allow- 
ed to spill at the dam. When one re- 
members that this was a year of disas- 
trous drought elsewhere and that the 
local rainfall for the six months was 
only 3.6 inches, no argument is needed 
to convince the most skeptical of the 
adequacy and permanency of Eddy 
County's water supply. 

In the year previous, 1900, there were 
8,646 acres in cultivation under the 
system and made profitable by the ir- 
rigation system, divided as follows: 
Alfalfa lands 3,843 acres; corn 3,660 
acres; cane and forage plants 554 
acres; orchards and vines 359 acres; 
gardens 589 acres. During the season, 
the Irrigation Company supplied to the 
farmers 28,786 acre feet of water. An 
acre foot of water means twelve inches 
of water placed on an acre of land. In 
1902 there were in cultivation 15,000 
acres under this system. 

"With all the vicissitudes that this 
great corporation has been called upon 
to encounter during its existence never 
has the farmer been able to complain 



17 

that his crops failed because of negli- 
gence on the part of the company or a 
lack of water. Land values have in- 
creased nearly one hundred per cent 
during- the past year. First class lands 
now bring readily from $30 to $50 an 
acre. The water right is sold with the 
land and the yearly water tax is but 
$1.25 per acre, said to be the lowest in 
America for the service rendered. 

Construction has been also begun on 
the Four Mile Irrigation Company's 
dam, northwest of McMillan. The site 
is a large natural depression, entirely 
surrounded by hills, save at one nar- 
row place where floodwaters have cut 
a passage through the solid rock. A 
short dam will be thrown across this 
canon and thus a reservoir holding 
millions of gallons of water will be 
created. The Four Mile Draw which 
feeds the reservoir is seventy-five miles 
long and heads in the Sacramento 
Mountains. Several artesian wells will 
also be bored to augment this water 
supply. The plans for this reservoir 
were outlined by Thomas T. Johnston, 
who made the plans for the big con- 
crete flume across the Pecos. It em- 
braces the construction of an earth 
dam riprapped with rock on its sur- 
face. There is a natural spillway 
which will handle all the floodwaters 
without further work. Instead of the 
usual clumsy and perishable wooden 
headgates, the dam will be pierced by 











H 











19 

one foot steel pipes, set in solid cement 
casings, with automatic steel traps to 
control the egress of the water. The 
reservoir will supply water to irrigate 
several thousand acres of virgin' soil, 
considered to be among the richest and 
most fertile in the Pecos Valley. 

At Artesia, formerly Stegman, so 
called from the flowing wells recently 
discovered, which rival the volume, if 
they do not exceed the famous artesian 
wells near Roswell, the country is be- 
ing rapidly settled by the homesteader 
and under the desert land act. From a 
distance of twenty-five miles from the 
Chaves County line south, not a quar- 
ter section is now available for entry 
on the west bank of the river for six 
miles back. It is believed that in 
other parts of the county artesian wa- 
ter will be struck sooner or later and 
even far back from the river, water is 
found at moderate depth and is avail- 
able for irrigation or stock-watering 
by pumping. 

AGRICULTURE. 

Necessarily, the conditions described, 
make agriculture a 'success. Given a 
mild climate, a high percentage of sun- 
shine and ability to water the land 
when it needs it and to withhold 
moisture when not needed, there must 
be maximum crops and there can be 
no crop failures. Alfalfa and Kaffir 
corn are the staple but by no means 



20 

only crops of Eddy County. Anything 
that can be raised in the temperate or 
semi-tropic zones can be raised. 

Alfalfa is cut four times and in some 
instances, in small fields, five times a 
year. In addition, it furnishes consid- 
erable pasture, often, owing- to the 
mild climate, throughout the winter. 
As high as two tons per acre have 
been harvested at one cutting. A good 
average on the large ranches is four 
tons for the season while on the small- 
er fields often six tons per acre are 
cut. One hundred and twenty acres 
sown in October and November were 
cut for the first time on June 24 of the 
following year. Eighty-three tons were 
sold at $8.75 per ton, baled and deliv- 
ered in Carlsbad, commencing July 7. 
One of the sections, the earliest plant- 
ed, containing thirty-six acres of land 
cut forty-three tons. These are actual 
weights and comparison is challenged. 
August 5, this alfalfa was cut the sec- 
ond time. The best time to sow alfalfa 
is in August or in September. Where 
properly cared for and not over-pas- 
tured, this is a permanent crop. Like 
all clovers, it is a soil renovator and 
enricher, and when plowed up, a great 
increase in the productiveness of the 
soil, even reaching fifty per cent, is 
noted. The cultivation of this crop 
has made potato growing possible in 
Colorado. Together with Kaffir corn, 
it is the sheet anchor of Kansas, In 



time of drought. Under irrigation it 
thrives best but it needs oceans of wa- 
ter for maximum results. Alfalfa hay, 
baled from the windrow, sells at $8.00 
and upwards f. o. b. cars and in Carls- 
bad. Ten dollars per ton is the aver- 
age winter price for prime hay. 

In the following letter, D. S. 
Horton relates his experience which is 
only a typical one: "I have lived near 
Carlsbad for ten years, working at 
first for wages. I lost my savings in 
an unfortunate venture and five years 
ago began farming, rented land with a 
partner, my only capital being a wagon 
and team. We have farmed 300 acres 
annually, chiefly in Kaffir corn and 
Milo maize. The yield has been from 
one ton to one and a half tons per acre 
in the head, and it has sold from $9 to 
$12 per ton, delivered in the head. I 
rented an extra good twenty-five acres 
of alfalfa. It has cut from one to one 
and a half tons per acre to each cut- 
ting, four cuttings to the season. I 
pasture very little, not to exceed thirty 
days and take everything off before 
January 1. I do not pasture in the 
spring. I figure Kaffir corn costs me 
to raise as follows: Planting per acre 
$2.00; two irrigations 50 cents; heading 
$1.25; piling in the field, cutting and 
shocking stalks $1.50. An ordinary 
crop should make four tons of fodder 
per acre, and sells at $4 to $6 per ton 
shocked in the field. My share of the 



23 

proceeds of these three years' farming 
have enabled me to pay $950 on the 
place I now occupy, while I own, free 
and clear, seven heads of horses, a 
cow, hogs, poultry and all farming im- 
plements necessary to work constantly 
two heavy three horse teams, and I 
have money to carry me through an- 
other season. P. S. — Since the above 
was written, I have purchased another 
forty acre tract." 

Eddy County is the best corn coun- 
ty In New Mexico. Kaffir corn and 
Milo maize are the grains chiefly culti- 
vated and they grow to a height of 
from <six to eight feet, producing from 
thirty to fifty bushels per acre and 
selling at 75 cents per hundred pounds, 
threshed at harvest, or $10 per ton in 
the head. Wheat will yield twenty 
bushels to the acre on raw land and 
forty-five bushels an acre on good 
land, and sorghum, rye and barley in 
proportion. Asparagus, celery, pea- 
nuts, cantaloupes, watermelons, sweet 
and white potatoes and all varieties of 
garden vegetables, mcluding the egg 
plant, and the southern okra or gumbo, 
are as productive as they are mature 
in growth. But vegetable growing has 
been neglected. Conditions of climate 
and the fact that rainfall comes in the 
summer" and not in the spring, thus 
necessitating the germinating of seed 
by irrigation, makes market gardening 
somewhat difficult for the average 



24 

farmer, but the reward of success is 
great. Prices are naturally high and 
the marTTet almost unlimited, reaching 
out for 1,500 miles north, south and 
east. Potatoes, turnips, cabbage and 
beets sell at one and a half cents to 
four cents per pound. Lettuce, radish- 
es and spinach are practically un- 
known the greater part of the year, 
whereas, the climate is such and the 
conditions so favorable, that with a 
little protection, they can be produced 
all winter. Onions, potatoes, peppers, 
melons, squash, asparagus and celery 
grow almost like weeds and respond to 
the slightest cultivation. The local 
market is overstocked during a short 
season, by these products, but the ad- 
jacent markets are not touched, and 
thus far but little effort has been made 
to extend or anticipate this outside 
demand. Money awaits people who 
will engage in the cultivation of these 
apparently small avenues to wealth. 
There is just enough salt in the water 
to admit of asparagus growing rank. 
Colorado Springs pays 30 cents a pound 
for it. The same can be said of cel- 
ery. It needs little or no cultivation 
and the results to the grower are 
large. It ripens earlier and lasts long- 
er in Eddy County soil than does either 
the celery of Michigan or that of Cal- 
ifornia. The market for these two pro- 
fitable products of the Valley are Den- 



25 

ver, Colorado Spring's, Kansas City and 
even St. Louis and Chicago. 

The Eddy County cantaloupe indus- 
try is in its infancy, in fact, has just 
been born. The future of the industry 
however, can be gauged from the fact 
that in the Barstow, Texas, region, 
ninety miles south and on practically 
identical soil and closely kindred cli- 
matic conditions, last season's crop re- 
turned $40,000 from a planting of 200 
acres. The flavor of the Eddy County 
cantaloupe is equal to that of the 
Rocky Ford, the carrying capacity 
from two to four days longer, while 
the earlier season and the fact that 
it can be prolonged to October 20, the 
date of the first known frost, assure 
the best of prices. 

The ordinary farmer will not give 
attention to the garden. In Eddy 
County he is chiefly interested in 
stock. The market gardener thinks he 
must seek the vicinity of some large 
city for his market. Thus a great por- 
tion of the West must import its vege- 
tables and a profitable and a constant- 
ly growing market is neglected. The 
lower Pecos Valley can meet this de- 
mand and should control it. How 
long shall it wait for the enterprise 
and the skilled labor with which to do 
it? There are fortunes here for the 
men who will produce asparagus com- 
mercially in this, its natural home, and 
put it on the northern market, as can 



•27 

be done, by March 10, of each year. It 
is the same with other products of the 
truck farm. 

Cotton is being- grown and 2,000 acres 
were planted this season by parties 
who came from Barstow, Texas, where 
they have been cultivating this crop 
successfully for six years. The same 
parties will have a gin operated 
by water or electric power ready 
for the crop of 1903. There is 
no Boll Weavil in Eddy Coun- 
ty. The crop will average about three 
quarters of a bale per acre. The total 
investment, land leasing, raw cotton 
purchase, gin building and operating 
and wages for labor will reach $40,000. 
The cotton will be what is known as 
fine middling, bringing seven cents per 
pound or between $30 and $40 per bale. 
Other gins will be erected as needed 
and in the course of the next three 
years it is expected that Eddy County's 
cotton culture will cover 10,000 acres. 
Irrigated cotton yields one-third more 
per acre than rainfall cropage, with 
the same proportion of additional fine- 
ness in commercial quality. The cot- 
ton seed will sell at $12 per ton for 
stock feeding purposes, while a future 
adjunct of Carlsbad cotton will be an 
oil cake plant. 

The sugar beet attains great size, a 
high percentage of sugar contents and 
extraordinary purity in Eddy County 
soil and under favorable conditions 



28 

yields two crops a year. The yield 
per acre is heavy, and as soon as the 
necessary labor is available to attend 
to the cultivation of the beet fields and 
another beet sugar factory is built to 
replace that burned down, the sugar 
beet will be quite a wealth producer in 
the southern Pecos Valley. 

HORTICULTURE. 

Santa Fe County alone can rival 
Eddy County in variety and excel- 
lence of fruit products. Apples, pears, 
peaches, plums, prunes, cherries, quin- 
ces and grapes bear in profusion fruit 
of the largest size, the highest color- 
ing, the most perfect flavor, and owing 
to the comparatively low altitude it 
ripens two weeks earlier than in any 
other part of the Territory excepting 
the Mesilla Valley. The fruit orchards, 
young as they are, show every evi- 
dence of becoming in time, one of the 
greatest resources of the lower Pecos 
Valley. At present, it is not so much 
the magnitude but the quality of the 
crops that commands attention. 
Peaches ripen early and attain a size 
equal to the largest peach grown in 
California, and possess a flavor not ex- 
celled by fruit grown anywhere else. 
An acre of land has room for 108 
peach trees when planted properly and 
at the age of six years the crop from 
each tree if properly handled will be 
worth $9 without deducting the ex- 



29 

pense of irrigation, labor and other 
items which will be probably $4. This, 
of course, takes into consideration only 
good years, for the valley, in common 
with other sections, must make allow- 
ance for late frosts, but as to fruit 
pests, it may be said, that thus far, the 
orchards are without them. The ab- 
sence of these bugs and worms is at- 
tributed to the dry atmosphere that is 
not congenial to the propagation of 
these harmful insects which devastate 
the orchards of the North and of the 
West. A six-year old orchard of peach 
trees of twenty acres, may rightly be 
considered as an independence to the 
man who will properly care for it. Ex- 
perience has taught that care must be 
taken to choose the late blooming va- 
rieties of pears, peaches and plums. 
The orchards are old enough to serve 
as a guide in selecting the best va- 
rieties for new orchards. 

It is no uncommon thing, in fact, it 
is more or less the rule, for the orch- 
ardist to denude his trees of at least 
one half of the fruit that clusters on 
the branches as, in the case of peaches, 
no tree can hold the ripe fruit that a 
favorable season places on its limbs. 

The Elberta is the leading variety 
among the peaches. It reaches a 
weight of from one-half to one pound. 
This peach is at once as firm and as 
delicate in flesh and delicious in flavor 
as it is preponderant in weight and is 



r.s^p 






1 i 




' >5' ■■ | 


1 1 


fc •'-• w 




^11 : 





31 

a fine shipper, appearing on distant 
markets in all of its original blush and 
perfection. As an illustration of the 
Carlsbad peach values, one owner re- 
ceived last year about $3,000 from the 
yield of 600 trees. One of R. M. Love's 
trees has been christened "The Teddy" 
because from it a box of peaches was 
sent to President Roosevelt. The box 
contained peaches which averaged a 
pound. In 1902, F. G. Tracy's orchard 
of 4.71 acres sold $2,070.18 worth of 
peaches or a yield of $439.53 per acre. 
The expense of picking and boxing was 
$148.67 per acre, leaving a net profit of 
$290.86 per acre. 

The Alexander and the Chinese 
Clingstones are also fine varieties that 
do well in Eddy County. They are 
prolific bearers and good shippers. The 
Pecos peach is free from blotches, 
specks and worms and one tree last 
year made the record of producing $30 
worth of fruit. R. M. Love wrote the 
following letter about his peach or- 
chard to Stark Brothers' Nurseries and 
Orchard Company: 

"Gentlemen: Replying to your favor 
of the 9th, will say that from sixty 
trees purchased from you, planted 
eight years ago, we sold this season 
450 twenty pound boxes of peaches 
which brought us $400 in cash, or an 
average of $6.66 per tree or 88 cents per 
box. Most of the crop was sold in the 
Colorado market at from $1.10 to $1.40 



32 

per box, while California and Colorado 
peaches were selling- at from 60 cents 
to $1. We plant our trees 20x20 feet 
which gives 108 ' per acre; this would 
give a yield of $720 per acre, and would 
easily net between $300 and $400 per 
acre. To show the possibilities of the 
peach on this deep, sandy loam, will 
say that one tree of an early variety 
yielded 500 pounds which netted $20 
cash; seventeen trees of the same va- 
riety, two years ago, gave us $9 per 
tree, or at the rate of $972 per acre. It is 
possible for land to have a value of 
from $50 to $100 per acre grown in cer- 
eals; it is much better, however, for 
the same land to become worth from 
$500 to $800 per acre by being planted to 
$300 net per year peaches or apples. 

R. M. LOVE." 
The apple is a close second to the 
peach as an Eddy County orchard 
favorite and trees yielding 1,000, 1,200 
and 1,500 pounds of perfect Ben Davis 
apples are just coming into bearing. 
The Shackleford, the Missouri Pippin, 
the Arkansas Black and Ceniton are 
other varieties that yield good crops. 
The lower Pecos Valley appears to 
be their natural home. Frost rarely 
troubles the blossoms and the codlin 
moth is yet an absent factor. A 
specked apple is an unknown quantity. 
The fruit is large and firm, some or- 
chards producing apples that measure 
fifteen inches in circumference and 



33 

compare favorably with any apple 
raised in the United States. There has 
not been a failure in the apple crop in 
the history of the valley. 

Pears and prunes do well and so do 
strawberries and other small fruit. 
The Bartlett pear, especially, finds a 
congenial home in this soil and with 
proper cultivation success is certain. 

Almost 10,000 fruit trees were planted 
in Eddy County this spring and orch- 
ards are beginning to line the miles 
and miles of irrigation canals. 

The culture of the Russian mulberry 
is quite successful. It is a phenomenal 
bearer. H. R. Wilson has thirteen of 
these trees at Carlsbad and he gathers 
fifty bushels of berries from them an- 
nually. The price they command 
would give their crop value at $2,000 
an acre. 

Pecan, walnut and other nut trees 
thrive and are big money makers 
when in bearing. 

Pecos grapes are alike of table, wine 
and raisin growth, and include the 
Tokay, Delaware, Muscat, Catawba 
and Seedless Sultana. 

The world is the market for such 
fruit as Eddy County raises and its 
shipping qualities carry it safely any- 
where within 1,500 miles of Carlsbad. 

LIVESTOCK. 

The raising of livestock was a great 
industry in the lower Pecos Valley 



35 

before any other industry was thought 
of. As far as capital invested and 
value is concerned, it is still the lead- 
ing industry of that section. For ev- 
ery acre under cultivation there are 
300 acres of grazing land. Eddy Coun- 
ty, owing to its mild climate and its 
water supply, is a stock country par 
excellence. The altitude below the 
foothills of the Guadalupe Mountains, 
which are situated in its southwestern 
part, is 3,200 feet, the lowest in the 
Territory. The plain from these foot- 
hills extends ninety-five miles east 
and sixty-six miles north and south. 
The Pecos River bisects it a little west 
of the middle. Over all of this vast 
free range roam large herds of cattle 
and flocks of sheep. An abundance of 
water is found at depths varying from 
twenty to 400 feet. Windmills dot the 
country and practically every availa- 
ble acre of grazing land is occupied by 
stock. The future growth of the live- 
stock industry must be made in im- 
provements of the herds and the irri- 
gated ranches must furnish the stock 
to do it with. The Pecos Valley and its 
vicinity present today more induce- 
ments for the breeding of fine cattle 
than any known district in the south- 
west, with its sheltered location, its 
utter freedom from blizzards and ab- 
sence of extremes in heat or cold, and 
above all, its abundant water. These 
advantages have been utilized by men 



36 

like Colonel C. C. Slaughter, General 
R. S. Benson and other breeders of fine 
cattle, and they have established their 
stock farms in the lower Pecos Valley 
and are now producing as fine and as 
clean bred Herefords and Shorthorns 
as can be found anywhere in the West. 
The time is not far distant when all 
the larger farms now devoted to mis- 
cellaneous agriculture will boast of 
thoroughbred herds, the product of 
which will go to improve the stock on 
the immense cattle ranges of the 
Staked Plains east of Eddy County as 
well as the western Panhandle coun- 
try. 

On General Benson's Tansill farm of 
800 acres, 1,500 head of cattle are win- 
tered annually and there high grade 
bulls, bred by registered Hereford bulls 
upon fullblood Durham cows, are an- 
nually prepared for market. Mr. Ben- 
son's last year's crop of calves sold 
this April for $65 per round, no cut 
backs, all to one outfit in Arizona. W. 
H. Mullane, W. W. Galton and H. E. 
Galton each have herds of registered 
Red Polled cattle as good as any to be 
found in the older states. 

Owing to the abundance of water for 
irrigation purposes the lower Pecos 
Valley is able to furnish feed for the 
thousands of thoroughbred cattle for 
building up the surrounding ranges, 
while the mild climate, free from 
northers, not only assures practical 



a: 

immunity from winter losses on the 
range but produces growth at about 
half the cost and far more rapidly 
than in colder places where winter 
feeding is practiced. About 30,000 head 
of steers, chiefly two years old, were 
sold this spring from Eddy County 
ranges for future beef, maturing on 
South Dakota and other northern 
grasses. Between 20,000 and 30,000 
head of grass fattened beeves will 
leave the Southern Pecos ranges this 
fall while 15,000 to 20,000 heads of 
yearlings will be for sale at from $15.50 
to $16.50 per head. The Eddy County 
cattle are generally bred into close 
Hereford grades, thus giving alike 
blood, bone and beef. 

At the Bolle's farm, W. P. Mcintosh, 
Jr., manager, 760 acres, six miles 
south of Carlsbad, old range cows, too 
poor to winter on the range, are 
bought in the fall and wintered on al- 
falfa, to go fat to the block, or to pro- 
duce calves, thrifty and healthy, worth 
from $2 to $5 per head more than those 
of their less fortunate companions. I. 
S. Osborne on his ,1,100 acres, confines 
his attention to the fattening of steers 
at an average profit in three months 
of $20 per head. 

Eddy County has over 200,000 head 
of sheep well graded to Merino and 
Shropshire strains, thus covering a 
wool and mutton cross* Heavy year- 
ling mutton feeder sales are made to 




i 



39 

Texas fattening pens at from $2.25, to 
$2.50 per head and the Colorado buyer 
can find from 5,000 to 10,000 head 
of fine lambs in the market every 
spring. The Eddy County fleeces scour 
out seven and a half pounds and class 
in the market as fine medium at ten 
cents. The annual wool product 
amounts to nearly a million pounds. 
George H. Webster, Jr's Vineyard 
stock farm of 640 acres, three miles 
south of Carlsbad, offers a practical 
example of what can be done in feed- 
ing alfalfa and Kaffir corn to lambs 
and hogs. Shorn lambs fed 110 days on 
one-third less grain than in Colorado, 
shorn thirty days before shipment, 
topped the market at 88 pounds at $7 
at a season, March 14, when Colorado 
could not pretend to ship shorn stuff. 
Mr. Webster has been experimenting 
with Kaffir corn and Milo maize, both 
of which are grown abundantly in the 
county, as a substitute for Indian corn 
for fattening lambs, and the result has 
been satisfactory. No loss was exper- 
ienced from indigestion, the lambs 
took readily to the feed and their pro- 
gress was almost phenomenal. It might 
seem as if there would be a large 
shrinkage of weight and value in get- 
ting the lambs to market, but Mr. 
Webster says that his lambs reach 
Kansas City without loss or inconven- 
ience and with a shrinkage of not full 
three pounds per head, despite the 900 



40 

mile haul and that he succeeded in 
tapping the market, that the killing 
test at Kansas City averaged as high 
as 54 per cent and the flesh was pro- 
nounced fully equal to that of the fin- 
est Indian corn fed lamb. Mr. Webster 
is feeding 9,500 head of lambs this 
year. He has equal success with fat- 
tening hogs on home-grown alfalfa and 
grain, in fact hogs do exceptionally 
well and there is a big profit in raising 
them. They are not subject to cholera 
as in other sections and hog raising is 
destined to be quite an important in- 
dustry in Eddy County. 

BEES. 

That Eddy County offers a fine field 
for the apiarist, is shown by the fol- 
lowing letter written by Edward Scog- 
gin: "I commenced in 1894 with ten 
colonies. Now have 135 colonies.' This 
is not an exceptional or more than a 
common increase; but I wish this dis- 
tinction clearly noted, I am not a bee- 
keeper. I let the bees keep me. I 
paid expenses from the first, and after 
attaining to fifty colonies the" income 
was sufficient to furnish my living. 
The net income from each colony, 
spring count, can be conservatively 
placed at $5. I estimate my gross in- 
come this year from the 135 colonies 
at $1,100. The wholesale market price 
of strained honey ranges from 6 2-3 to 
7 1-2 cents a pound and comb honey 



41 

10 cents and over a pound. Markets are 
good, there being demand for all honey- 
produced. I have on my farm 200 acres 
in alfalfa, corn and sorghum, and with 
the assistance of one man attend to my 
crops and bees. In the early spring 
the bees fed on mesquite blossoms, 
then on alfalfa blossoms and on wild 
flowers in the fall. Winter feeding is 
not necessary. For a conservative, 
careful man, the bee industry in Eddy 
County offers good opportunities for 
profit." 

LANDS. 

All land in Eddy County, except that 
embraced in the irrigation districts of 
the Pecos Valley and that occupied by 
actual settlers, belongs to the United 
States, and is subject to entry under 
the homestead and desert land laws, 
there being 4,000,000 acres in the coun- 
ty available for that purpose. Irrigat- 
ed lands can be bought at from $25 to 
$100 per acre according to locality and 
improvements. Patented lands with- 
out any water rights are sold as low 
as $2.50 to $5 per acre. Interest on 
farm mortgages is only 6 per cent. 
The so-called Beales grant, laying 
claim to a large area, has been declar- 
ed fraudulent by the United States 
Supreme Court and the drift fences 
erected by cattlemen, primarily to 
keep their herds from straying, but 
also at times, incidentally, to keep out 



43 

newcomers and settlers, are rapidly be- 
ing torn down. 

MINERAL WEALTH. 

Eddy County is not classed among 
the mining counties of the territory, 
yet its indications of mineral wealth 
are very promising. Especially in the 
southwestern part considerable suc- 
cess has followed the prospecting for 
gold and copper ore. In the Guada- 
lupe Mountains about thirty-five miles 
southwest of Carlsbad, some develop- 
ment work has been done and quite a 
number of claims have been located. 
The old Nymeyer copper mine, in the 
Guadalupe Mountains, has been recent- 
ly purchased by the Standard Oil Com- 
pany of Carlsbad and a contract for a 
500 foo>t shaft has been let. It is con- 
fidently predicted by experts that this 
work will develop a fine body of min- 
eral. 

It had been known for some years 
that oil indications existed from the 
Texas boundary to north of Carlsbad. 
Soon after the Beaumont oil excite- 
ment, California parties began 
prospecting for oil and located 440 
acres of placer oil claims within four 
miles of Carlsbad. The town went 
wild with excitement and thousands 
of acres were located and assessment 
work done upon them. Companies were 
formed and incorporated, stock was 
issued and all steps common to an oil 
excitement were taken. It has re- 



44 

mained, however for the Standard Oil 
Company, incorporated by local and 
partly by Iowa and Nebraska people 
to go ahead steadily, to realize $25,000 
from the sales of stock, to buy a 
standard oil drilling- machine in Pitts- 
burg and to import experts to run it. 
This well is down 1,500 feet and work 
has been stopped temporarily on ac- 
count of water. The prospects are most 
promising. The oil is there. The cap- 
ping appears to be impervious and 
hopes of finding oil in paying quanti- 
ties are high. Indications of oil are 
found up and down the Pecos from 
Seven Rivers on the north to Fort 
Stockton on the south, more than 150 
miles: but thus far the only good cap 
rock is that found in the foothills near 
Carlsbad. Accessibility to the railroad 
would make an oil strike there partic- 
ularly valuable. 

INDUSTRIES. 

The foregoing indicates what indus- 
tries would be the most likely to flour- 
ish in Eddy County. The lack of fuel 
is made up for by the splendid water 
power which the Pecos, its tributaries 
and the larger canals afford. The 
wool-scouring mill at Carlsbad has 
handled about 1,500,000 pounds of wool 
annually but was removed to Roswell 
this year because the latter place 
seemed to offer an even better field. 
But nevertheless, such a plant should 



45 

prosper at Carlsbad. A creamery, 
cheese factory, cannery, woolen mills, 
cold storage plant, ice factory, tanner- 
ies, breweries, all should do well. A 
flour and grist mill is very much need- 
ed. The cotton gins to be erected this 
year will doubtlessly be followed by 
others as the acreage in cotton ex- 
pands. Carlsbad had the only sugar 
factory in New Mexico, but it burned 
down recently just as a colony of su- 
gar beet farmers was to be established 
to supply the factory with an adequate 
quantity of beets. Carlsbad has bot- 
tling works and an electric light plant. 
A broom factory would flourish and a 
variety of smaller industries would 
find great inducements, good markets 
and favorable conditions for prosperity. 
Sooner or later, an electric railway 
will skirt the Pecos River from Ros- 
well down to the Texas line and the 
present excellent transportation facili- 
ties will be even better. 

RAILROADS. 

The Pecos Valley and Northeastern 
Railway, a division of the great Atch- 
ison, Topeka and Santa Pe Railway 
system, cuts through the county from 
northeast to the south, a greater part 
of it following the river, having its 
present southern terminus sut Pecos, 
Texas, and its northern terminus at 
Amarillo in the same state, where it 
connects with the Kansas Southern 



47 

Railroad, the Choctaw and the Colo- 
rado and Southern, thus giving: Eddy 
County direct and ample connection 
with all parts of the United States. 
The Railroad Company is doing: much 
to further the industrial growth of the 
Pecos "Valley and is advertising it ex- 
tensively. The mileage in the county 
is seventy-five. The following are the 
freight rates from Eddy County points: 

Beef cattle to Kansas City, 41 cents. 

Sheep, double deck, 40 cents. 

1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th class freight to 
Carlsbad, from Kansas City, $1.80, $1.64, 
$1.54, 1.48. St. Louis, $2.00, $1.78, $1.62. 
$1.55. Chicago, $2.20, $1.94, $1.74, $1.65. 

FISHING AND HUNTING. 

Eddy County in addition to its cli- 
mate, offers many attractions to the 
tourist and the visitor. Not the least, 
is the sport that it affords to the hun- 
ter and the angler. Black bass of the 
small mouth variety abound in the 
Pecos River and its tributaries. These 
game fish were first planted in 1892 and 
have multiplied and thriven wonder- 
fully. Many fish have been caught 
which exceeded five pounds in weight 
and three or four pounders are plenti- 
ful. The bass begin biting freely in 
September and the sport continues to 
improve right up to cold weather. 
Besides bass, blue channel cat are 
caught in all the streams and lakes. 
They are, in these waters, nearly as 



48 

gamey a fish as the bass. Rock bass, 
goggled-eyed perch and huge yellow 
catfish that often weigh as much as 
thirty pounds are also caught. Perch 
and sunfish are plentiful and are be- 
coming more so yearly as the citizens 
of the county closely observe the New 
Mexico game laws. 

The Pecos Valley in the vicinity of 
Carlsbad, is for certain kind of game 
unequalled in the Southwest. There is 
practically no limit to teal and mal- 
lard ducks that visit the valley every 
winter and remain from October to 
April. English snipe or jacksnipe, as 
they are known in the north, are plen- 
tiful from October to May. It is no 
unusual feat for one man to bring in 
one hundred birds as the result of a 
single day's hunt. Quail and doves are 
almost numberless. In the deeper ra- 
vines wild turkeys are found. 

For larger game the great Staked 
Plains to the east, and the Guadalupe 
Mountains and foothills to the west, 
have always been famous and probably 
always will be. While the buffalo has 
disappeared, yet the panther, bear, 
deer, antelope and mountain sheep 
still abound. The large lobo wolf and 
coyote are met with frequently. How- 
ever, the sportsman, should acquaint 
himself with New Mexico game laws, 
before coming to New Mexico on hunt- 
ing expeditions. 



49 
MINERAL SPRINGS. 

Nature not only blessed Eddy County 
with a salubrious climate, but also 
gave it healing springs which will 
some day be as far-famed as those of 
Carlsbad, Austria, which gave the 
county seat of Eddy its name. The 
main springs burst from the banks of 
the Pecos River, one on each side, two 
miles above Carlsbad, and flow 5,500 
gallons a minute into the great river. 
The medicinal properties of the springs 
are definite and well recognized as of 
great value, especially in cases of dys- 
pepsia and kidney trouble. In constit- 
uents, the water closely resembles the 
famous Friedrichshall Sprudel at 
Carlsbad, Austria, as is shown by the 
following analysis of the two waters, 
the Carlsbad spring in the first column, 
the figures denoting grains to the gal- 
lon: 
Sulphate of soda, Glauber's 

salts 
Chloride of sodium 
Sulphate of magnesia, Ei 

salts 
Sulphate of lime 
Carbonate of lime 
Silica 

Iron and alumina 
Carbonate of magnesia 
Chloride of magnesia 
Water of crystallization 

Total solids 



44.02 


40.00 


50.50 


53.10 


3om 
21.63 


34.40 


17.40 


8.95 


14.00 


0.09 


1.20 


0.29 


1.20 




2.05 


1.00 




26.00 


3.25 


2.18 


155.25 166.01 



51 

TOWNS AND SETTLEMENTS. 
Carlsbad, the Beautiful, at fust 
named Eddy, the county seat, is the 
largest and only town of magnitude- 
in the county. It is often declared to 
be the most beautiful town in New 
Mexico and it is certainly entrancing- 
ly situated amidst orchards and broad 
fields. Its ever running waters in its 
irrigation ditches, its thirty-five miles 
of cottonwood and other shade trees, 
its wide streets and beautiful homes, 
all help to make it a most attractive 
residence city. Its beautiful suburbs 
of La Huerta and Hagerman Heights 
are far famed. The Bermuda and the 
blue grass furnish exquisite emerald 
lawn settings for a floral growth as 
bountiful as it is beautiful. The orna- 
mental shade trees include the catal- 
pa, the Chinese umbrella, North Caro- 
lina and Lombardy poplar, weeping 
willows, Russian mulberry, while en- 
circled hedges of gray cedar bush and 
the green bamboo cane are ever and 
anon broken by the shining spikes of 
the green and giant cactus palm 
or Spanish dagger. Here and there 
can be seen roses of all hues and sizes; 
blooming almost every month in the 
year; geraniums of fifteen and twenty 
varieties blossoming in all the soft 
gradations of color from pure white to 
the deepest crimson and royal purple; 
the deeper yellow and black calla lily, 
the far southern cousin of the tiger 



52 

lily; 'four o'clocks of as many hues as 
Joseph's coat; the. rare plumbago 
climbing- vine with its purple blossoms; 
together with a wilderness of petunias, 
begonias, gladiolas and other flowers. 
The arboriculture of Eddy County in- 
cludes the walnut, the almond and the 
pecan, a flourishing grove of the latter 
in La Huerta, growing more valuable 
every year. 

The altitude of Carlsbad is 3,200 feet, 
it is 1,326 miles from Chicago; 868 miles 
from Kansas City and 1,083 miles from 
Denver. With immediate surround- 
ings it has a population of 2.000. Its 
public schools are up to date and 
housed in modern buildings. There 
are 500 children of school age in the 
city and nearly all are enrolled in the 
public schools. There are churches of 
many denominations, Sunday schools, 
high class social organizations, fra- 
ternal and benevolent societies, a 
hospital, a fine opera house, a $60,000 
hotel which is the finest hostelry in 
southern New Mexico, commodious 
business blocks, a $35,000 court house, 
excellent electric light, telephone, 
water and sewerage systems, graded 
and well-kept streets, and two excel- 
lent weekly newspapers, the Carlsbad 
Argus and the Current. The town is 
a modern and model American com- 
munity, with beautiful environments, 
healthy business conditions and a 



53 

promise of a greater prosperity in the 
future than it has had in the past. 

The necessity for increased accom- 
modations for healthseekers at Carls- 
bad is apparent and a tent city should 
spring- up in the near future. The 
beautiful estate called The Heights, 
consisting of 1,100 acres on the east 
bank of the Pecos opposite the town, 
and culminating in a lofty hill, was 
purchased by the late R. W. Tansill 
shortly before his death, with the in- 
tention of transforming it into a sani- 
tarium. His plans will probably be 
realized by parties well able to carry 
out the project and they are now care- 
fully considering the proposition. 
Medical experts have pronounced the 
spot an ideal location for the purpose. 

Although only fourteen years old, 
Carlsbad is considered one of the lead- 
ing towns of New Mexico. A flatter- 
ing endorsement to its stability has 
been given by the Atchison, Topeka 
and Santa Fe Railway Company by 
not only giving it special freight rates 
upon the material to construct the 
great concrete aqueduct across the 
Pecos but by the actual cash purchase 
of a large block of the bonds issued 
to finance the project. 

Sixteen miles south of Carlsbad is 
the pretty settlement of Malaga, thus 
named because its soil is especially 
adapted to the cultivation of the Ma- 
laga grape. The Pecos Valley from 



54 

Carlsbad to Malaga is for the greater 
part a continuation of fine farms and 
miles of shaded roads. In this par- 
ticular part of the valley, the Pecos 
Irrigation Company has accomplished 
its most striking results. 

Other settlements, all having post- 
office facilities, are Artesia, formerly 
Stegman, having a new townsite and 
surroundings that are rapidly settling 
up on account of the discovery of ar- 
tesian water; McMillan and Florence 
in the Pecos "Valley; Hope on the Pen- 
asco; Monument on the Staked Plain, 
and Westwater toward the Guadalupe 
Mountains. Otis, Miller, Penasco, 
Francis, Red Bluff, Lookout and Seven 
Rivers are names for agricultural set- 
tlements of thrifty farms and orch- 
ards. 

CONCLUSION. 

The Pecos Valley offers beautiful, 
restful and healthful homes to the 
well-to-do; it offers many chances for 
good investment to the capitalist; it 
is a haven of refuge to the health- 
seeker and for the worker with a few 
dollars capital and possessed with the 
energy and thrift to succeed, it offers 
opportunities to acquire an attractive 
home and a competency. 



For further information call on or 
address the members or Secretary of 
the Bureau of Immigration as follows: 

W. B. Bunker, President, East Las 
Vegas. 

Granville Pendleton, Vice President, 
Aztec. 

Max. Frost, Secretary, Santa Fe. 

J. W. Bible, Treasurer, Silver City. 

Jose E. Torres, Socorro. 

Alfred Grunsfeld, Albuquerque. 



Published by the authority of the Territory 
of New Mexico. 



t> 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



017 057 027 3 




udhfcB 



